What powers jihadism: Poverty or devotion to Islam?

Aminu Ogwuche the mastermind of the deadly Nyanya, Abuja bombing, is a United Kingdom-educated son of a colonel in the Nigerian Army. Ogwuche, a university drop-out, became radicalised while studying at the University of Glamorgan from 2007 to 2010. Ogwuche served in the Intelligence Unit of the Nigerian Army at Arakan Barracks, Lagos, between 2001 and 2006 with service Number 95/104 and is reported to have deserted in 2006. Ogwuche also studied Arabic Language at the International University of Africa, Sudan where Lamido Sanusi Lamido a degree in Sharia and Islamic Studies and became more radicalized.

“Devotion to Islam” is what causes Muslims to join the Islamic State — not “a lack of opportunity for jobs,” in the words of State Dept. spokesperson Marie Harf.

‘Devotion to Islam’ — Not Unemployment — Root Cause of Jihad  

By Raymond Ibrahim

In light of the State Dept’s recent assertion that economics is what attracts Muslims to join the savage Islamic State, consider the following excerpt from Understanding Terror Networks, by Marc Sageman, a former CIA officer who worked closely with jihadi groups in Afghanistan (emphasis mine):

There was a definite shift in degree of devotion to Islam in adulthood by the mujahedin [jihadis], preceding their recruitment into the jihad. This is not surprising given the fact that the global Salafi jihad is a Muslim revivialist organization. Of the 155 mujahedin on whom I could find relevant information, all but one were considerably more devout right before joining the jihad than they had been as children. More than 99 percent were very religious at that time, often donning Afghan, Pakistani, or traditional Arabic garb and growing beards…

“Devotion to Islam” is what causes Muslims to join the Islamic State — not “a lack of opportunity for jobs,” in the words of State Dept. spokesperson Marie Harf.

Empowering Jihad: The Deadly Myth of a 'Root Cause'

by Phyllis Chesler
The New York Post
February 26, 2015

Reports that "Jihadi John," the British-accented narrator of ISIS snuff videos, is Mohammed Emwazi — an educated young man from a middle-class background — ought to put the final stake in the pretense that poverty and a lack of education and opportunity fuel Islamist hate.
This mistaken idea seems to be Obama administration policy.
Marie Harf, the US Department of State deputy spokesperson, recently said:

We cannot win this war by killing [jihadists]. We need to go after the root causes that lead people to join these groups, whether it is lack of opportunity for jobs. . . We can work with countries around the world to help improve their governance. We can help them build their economies so they can have job opportunities for these people.

Of course, the news about "Jihadi John" is only the latest evidence to the contrary. These terrorists are often well educated and even wealthy. Osama bin Laden certainly was.
Many Islamist terrorists are physicians: Maj. Nidal Hasan (the Fort Hood shooter) and al Qaeda's current leader, Ayman Al-Zawahiri.
"Lady Al Qaeda" Aafia Siddiqui (the terrorist whom ISIS wanted to trade for James Foley, then for Steven Sotloff) was a scientist.

Terrorists are often well educated and well-to-do.

Mohammed Atta, the leader of the 9/11 crew, was an engineer and the son of a solidly middle class family. Another engineer: Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the Underwear Bomber, who is the son of a wealthy Nigerian businessman.
William A. Wulf, former president of the National Academy of Engineering, has noted, "In the ranks of the captured and confessed terrorists, engineers and engineering students are significantly overrepresented."
Dr. Marc Sageman, a former CIA officer with a PhD from NYU as well as his MD, is the author of the landmark 2003 study "Understanding Terror Networks."
This found that "two-thirds of al Qaeda's members had a university education" and that "the vast majority of terrorists came from solid, middle-class backgrounds; their leadership hailed from the upper middle class. They came from caring, intact families."
Blaming Islamist horrors on poverty only obscures the true problem: Jihadists are driven by an ideology — one that yearns to "restore" a mythical caliphate, one governed by the most austere version of Sharia law.
In a 2002 working paper for the National Bureau of Economic Research, Alan Kreuger and Jitka Maleckova found that "poverty and low education don't cause terrorism." Indeed,

[A]ny connection between poverty, education and terrorism is indirect, complicated and probably quite weak. . . Instead of viewing terrorism as a direct response to low market opportunities or ignorance, we suggest it is more accurately viewed as a response to political conditions and long-standing feelings (either perceived or real) of indignity and frustration that have little to do with economics.

Which brings us to the way that President Obama and others are part of the problem. The Western liberal elites who reinforce the belief that Muslims and Arabs have been persecuted, profiled, spied upon, discriminated against, etc. are enhancing the ressentiment at the root of radical jihad.
This is just a new version of a long-standing problem on the left.
In "The Tears of the White Man: Compassion as Contempt" and "The Tyranny of Guilt: An Essay on Western Masochism," Pascal Bruckner observed that Western left-wingers turned their romance with totalitarian communism into a dangerous flirtation with Third World struggles. Delusions of solidarity with and compassion for "the wretched of the earth," he notes, empowered anti-Western, anti-Semitic and anti-colonial hatreds.
Safely situated leftists engaged in "pseudo-revolutionary posturing" and "political playacting," which sacrificed women, infidels, dissidents and apostates.
Western elites view themselves as anti-racists ushering in a better world. Too bad they never think it through: Down with the Evil Western Empire, up with the . . . Even More Evil Islamist Empire?

Phyllis Chesler is a CUNY emerita professor of psychology and a fellow at the Middle East Forum. Her books include "Women and Madness" and "The New Anti-Semitism."